The most common fracture of the extreme distal of the radius is the one affecting the Colles bone, usually due to a direct fall on the hand in hyperextension.
The scaphoid fractures are the most frequent among those of carpal bones (almost 90% of the total). They usually occur as a result of a hyperextensional fall.
It is important to recover the strength of the forearm and shoulder muscles, especially the muscles of the rotator cuff and epitrochlear and epicondylus muscles.
The ligament lesions of the phalanx articulations are normally of first or second degree and affect more frequently the fourth and fifth finger, the most vulnerable ones.
The fractures of the distal humerus are typical of childhood but may also occur in adults. They are mostly caused by indirect trauma such as a fall on the outstretched arm in extension or by direct trauma.
The most frequent traumatic mechanism is falling on the hand in extension and extra-rotation, that which leads to the sprain of the capsular structures.
Epicondylitis is a typical painful syndrome that in most of the cases recognizes an overload pathogenesis and frequently affects tennis players, golfers, baseball players and fencers.
Tendinopathy of the insertional lateral epicondyle (lateral epicondylitis) or medial epicondyle (medial epicondylitis) is a typical syndrome that in most cases, is caused by pathogenesis of overload and frequently affects athletes (tennis elbow) or professionals who use repetitive movements with the ‘forearm (dentists, massage therapists).