Knee osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint condition typically developed over the years characterised by a progressive loss of articular cartilage. Knee OA is typically classified as primary when the condition is developed without any specific underlying causes, and secondary as a consequence of a progressive joint overload or due to previous injuries. The type, severity and frequency of symptoms reported by patients can significantly vary among individuals. Due to the nature of the condition itself, if not correctly addressed, symptoms tend to progressively get worse. Patients affected by this pathology typically report a reduced range of motion, stiffness, swelling, and generalised pain, typically as a consequence of prolonged periods of inactivity or excessive activity. The first-line treatment for knee OA is typically non-surgical, based on containing the symptoms and addressing the potential factors that have contributed to the development of the condition through an array of different interventions (e.g.: education, rehabilitation, injections, etc). Surgical options are usually reserved for patients who have not responded positively to non-surgical management and in cases where the pathology is more advanced.